Images © Murray Robertson 1999-2011 Text © The Royal Society of Chemistry 1999-2011 Political stability of top reserve holderĪ percentile rank for the political stability of the country with the largest reserves, derived from World Bank governance indicators. The higher the value, the larger risk there is to supply.Ī percentile rank for the political stability of the top producing country, derived from World Bank governance indicators. The percentage of the world reserves located in the country with the largest reserves. The higher the value, the larger risk there is to supply. The percentage of an element produced in the top producing country. Low = substitution is possible with little or no economic and/or performance impact Medium = substitution is possible but there may be an economic and/or performance impact High = substitution not possible or very difficult. The availability of suitable substitutes for a given commodity. A higher recycling rate may reduce risk to supply. The percentage of a commodity which is recycled. The number of atoms of the element per 1 million atoms of the Earth’s crust. This is calculated by combining the scores for crustal abundance, reserve distribution, production concentration, substitutability, recycling rate and political stability scores. The Chemical Abstracts Service registry number is a unique identifier of a particular chemical, designed to prevent confusion arising from different languages and naming systems.ĭata for this section been provided by the British Geological Survey.Īn integrated supply risk index from 1 (very low risk) to 10 (very high risk). Where more than one isotope exists, the value given is the abundance weighted average.Ītoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons. This is approximately the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. The mass of an atom relative to that of carbon-12. The transition of a substance directly from the solid to the gas phase without passing through a liquid phase.ĭensity is the mass of a substance that would fill 1 cm 3 at room temperature. The temperature at which the liquid–gas phase change occurs. The temperature at which the solid–liquid phase change occurs. The arrangements of electrons above the last (closed shell) noble gas. These blocks are named for the characteristic spectra they produce: sharp (s), principal (p), diffuse (d), and fundamental (f). The atomic number of each element increases by one, reading from left to right.Įlements are organised into blocks by the orbital type in which the outer electrons are found. Members of a group typically have similar properties and electron configurations in their outer shell.Ī horizontal row in the periodic table. If you enjoyed this post on the common uses for gold, then you should read our post on the top 10 fun facts about gold.A vertical column in the periodic table. In everything from Academy Awards to Olympic medals, gold is recognized for its admirable qualities and it holds a permanent place of value in humanity’s eyes. Because of its unparalleled beautiful qualities and rarity, gold is one of the highest status symbols. Gold is used to lubricate mechanical parts, conduct electricity and coat the insides of space vehicles to protect people inside from infrared radiation and heat.Īs a highly esteemed precious metal, gold makes a natural appearance in crowns, awards and religious statues. In the aerospace industry where reliable and effective technologies are key to survival, gold plays an essential role. In the medical field, small amounts of gold isotopes are used in certain radiation treatments and diagnosis. and will probably continue to be the best option for replacing broken or missing teeth. Gold has been used in dentistry since 700 B.C. Gold makes for the best fillings, crowns, bridges and orthodontic appliances because the metal is chemically inert, easy to insert and nonallergenic. Because gold is such an efficient conductor of electrical charges, it is also often found in desktop and laptop computers to transfer information quickly. Gold is a highly efficient conductor that is able to carry tiny electrical charges, and because of this property a small amount is found in almost all electronic devices, including cell phones, televisions, GPS units and more. A gold IRA is a increasingly popular way to invest in gold as well. One of the most common ways to hold or invest in gold is in gold coins, gold bars, also gold bullion. In an uncertain economy, gold has emerged as a possible financial staple. used to hold all its monetary currency to a gold standard, and since the turn of the millennium, gold value has been on the rise in the stock market. Learn How to Avoid Costly Rookie Mistakes & Invest in Gold Like a Pro! Get Free Gold Investor Guide Finances and Investing:īecause gold is so rare and highly valued, this precious metal makes a natural currency, and has for at least 6,000 years.
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